Top 5 Questions Patients Ask About Hip, Knee and Shoulder Surgery

When facing the prospect of hip, knee or shoulder surgery, it’s natural to have plenty of questions. Whether it’s a hip replacement, knee arthroscopy, rotator cuff repair or shoulder replacement, patients often share similar concerns about timing, recovery, and getting back to daily life.

Dr. Oliver Khoo, Orthopaedic Surgeon in Sydney, often hears the same five questions in his consultations. Below, he answers them in detail, helping you better understand what to expect before and after surgery.

1. When is the right time to have surgery?

Many patients wonder whether they should “wait it out” or move forward with surgery.

In general, surgery is usually considered when:

• Pain is ongoing despite non-surgical treatments such as physiotherapy, medication, or injections.
• Daily activities (walking, dressing, driving, sleeping) are becoming increasingly difficult.
• Imaging such as X-rays or MRI confirms joint damage or injury.

Dr. Khoo often reassures patients that surgery isn’t always the first option. For example, some knee problems respond well to physiotherapy and strengthening programs. Similarly, certain shoulder injuries may improve with rest and injections. However, if pain is severe, quality of life is affected, or mobility is significantly limited, surgery may provide the most reliable long-term improvement.

Tip: The “right time” varies for every patient. Discuss your symptoms openly with your surgeon so they can recommend whether surgery is appropriate now or if conservative measures should continue.

2. How long will recovery take?

Recovery is one of the biggest concerns patients have. While every individual heals differently, there are some general timeframes:

• Hip replacement (anterior or posterior): Many patients walk with support the day after surgery. Most return home within a few days, and recovery continues over 3–6 months.
• Knee replacement: Expect a more gradual recovery compared to hips, with steady improvement in mobility and pain over 6–12 months.
• Shoulder surgery (rotator cuff repair, shoulder replacement): These procedures often require the arm to be supported in a sling for weeks, with physiotherapy guiding recovery over several months.

It’s important to understand that recovery doesn’t mean “doing nothing.” Gentle movement, physiotherapy, and adherence to post-operative instructions all help speed up progress.

3. When can I drive again?

Driving is a practical concern, especially for those who rely on their car for work or family commitments.

• Hip and knee surgery: Most patients can return to driving within 4–6 weeks, once they can comfortably control the pedals and are no longer taking strong pain medication.
• Shoulder surgery: Driving is usually not recommended until at least 6 weeks post-op, particularly if the operated arm is on the same side as the gear stick.

Insurance companies generally expect that a patient has medical clearance before returning to driving. Dr. Khoo advises his patients not to rush this step, as safe reflexes and mobility are crucial behind the wheel.

4 . How soon can I return to work?

The answer depends heavily on the type of surgery and the nature of your job.

• Office-based work: Many people return within 3–6 weeks after hip or knee replacement, provided they can sit and move comfortably.
• Physically demanding jobs: Labour-intensive roles requiring heavy lifting, bending, or climbing may require 3–6 months before a safe return.
• Shoulder surgery patients: Those in manual roles may need several months off, as overhead strength and mobility take time to rebuild.

A gradual return—sometimes part-time at first—helps ease the transition back to full duties. Dr. Khoo works with patients and employers to create realistic return-to-work plans.

5. What can I do to speed up recovery?

Patients often want to know how they can actively contribute to a smoother recovery.

Key strategies include:

• Pre-habilitation: Doing physiotherapy before surgery can strengthen muscles, making recovery easier.
• Post-operative exercises: Following your prescribed program is crucial for regaining movement and strength.
• Lifestyle factors: Eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and avoiding smoking all improve healing.
• Patience and pacing: Recovery is not a race. Overdoing activity too soon can lead to setbacks.

Dr. Khoo often reminds patients that recovery is a partnership: the surgeon’s work inside the operating theatre, combined with the patient’s commitment afterwards, leads to the best results.

Other Common Concerns

Aside from the “top five,” here are a few additional questions patients frequently ask:

Will I need a walking aid?

After hip and knee replacement, many patients use a walking frame or crutches initially, usually transitioning to a cane before walking independently.

What about pain after surgery?

Modern pain management techniques—including nerve blocks, medications, and physiotherapy—make recovery far more comfortable than in the past.

Are there risks?

As with any operation, risks exist. These may include infection, stiffness, or blood clots. Your surgeon will discuss these with you in detail before your procedure.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

1. Can I travel after surgery?

Short car trips are usually possible within a few weeks, but long flights should be delayed until your surgeon advises. Blood clot prevention is especially important for air travel.

2. Will I set off airport security alarms with a joint replacement?

Joint implants may trigger metal detectors. Patients are usually advised to carry a medical note confirming the presence of an implant.

3. Can I kneel after knee replacement?

Some patients can kneel after recovery, but others find it uncomfortable. It does not usually damage the implant, but comfort levels vary.

4. Will my joint replacement last forever?

Modern implants are designed to last 15–20 years or longer, but factors like activity levels, weight, and overall health can influence longevity.

5. Can I return to sport after surgery?

Low-impact activities such as swimming, cycling, and golf are usually encouraged. High-impact sports, such as running or competitive contact sports, are generally discouraged to protect the joint.